1531 - Battle of Kappel: Swiss Roman Catholic cantons beat protestant forces of Zurich; Huldrych Zwingli Swiss reformation leader is killed
1634 - Burchardi flood, known as the second "Grote Mandrenke," kills about 15,000 people in North Friesland, Denmark, and Germany
1958 - Musical "Goldilocks" opens at Lunt-Fontanne Theatre in NYC for 161 performances
1969 - Soyuz 6 launches; Soyuz 7 and 8 follow in the next two days as part of a triple spacecraft missile
1979 - East Germany frees political dissidents Rudolf Bahro and Nico Hübner
1821 - Angelo Mariani, Italian composer, born in Ravenna, Papal States (d. 1873)
1844 - Henry John Heinz, German-American entrepreneur who founded prepared-foods company (H.J. Heinz Company-57 varieties), born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (d. 1919)
1903 - Charles P. Cabell, American military and intelligence officer (US Air Force general; Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, 1953–1962), born in Dallas, Texas (d. 1971)
1956 - Nicanor Frutos, Paraguayan politician (47th President of Paragua, 2003-08), born in Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
1966 - Rikishi [Solofa F. Fatu Jr.], Samoan American professional wrestler, born in San Francisco, California
1303 - Boniface VIII [Benedetto Gaetani], Italian pope and ruler of the Papal States (1294-1303), dies at 72 or 73
1811 - Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician, naturalist, and instructor of non-verbal deaf persons, dies at 86
1970 - Anis Fuleihan, Lebanese-American classical pianist, composer (Theremin Concerto), conductor, and pedagogue, dies at 70
2007 - Werner von Trapp, Austrian singer (Trapp Family Singers), dies at 91
2008 - Neal Hefti, American jazz trumpeter, arranger (Woody Herman; Count Basie); bandleader (Kate Smith Show) and composer ("Li'l Darlin"; The Odd Couple; Batman theme), dies at 85
Former President Jimmy Carter wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his work advocating for human rights, world peace, and economic and social development.